24/06/2026 07:52 - Salud
Argentina, the second-largest country in South America known for its vibrant culture and diverse landscapes, is facing a significant health challenge. Syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, is spreading at unprecedented rates. According to data from Argentina's National Ministry of Health, 2025 closed with 46,799 cases—the highest figure since systematic record-keeping began in the country, representing a rate of 117.2 cases per 100,000 inhabitants.
Córdoba, one of Argentina's most important provinces located in the geographic center of the country, recorded 7,507 cases during 2025. This represents an 8.3% increase compared to the 6,928 diagnoses confirmed in 2024, according to provincial health data.
This figure positions Córdoba as one of the jurisdictions most affected by this sexually transmitted infection at the national level.
In Córdoba alone, 1,432 cases were detected in pregnant individuals during 2025, with a ratio of 43.9 cases per 1,000 live births.
Syphilis can be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding—resulting in congenital syphilis, which can have serious consequences for the baby, including stillbirth, premature birth, and severe health complications.
Syphilis is a bacterial infection caused by Treponema pallidum. It is transmitted primarily through unprotected sexual contact (vaginal, anal, or oral) and can also pass from mother to child during pregnancy.
Medical specialists call it 'the great imitator' (or 'the great simulator') because it can mimic symptoms of many other diseases across its different stages, making diagnosis challenging.
A painless sore (chancre) appears on genitals, mouth, or rectum. It heals on its own within weeks, creating a false sense of recovery—but the infection remains in the body.
Skin rashes, fever, and swollen lymph nodes may appear. These symptoms can also go unnoticed or be confused with other conditions.
Without treatment, syphilis can cause irreversible damage to the brain, heart, and other vital organs—even years after initial infection.
| Age Group | Percentage of Cases | Key Observations |
|---|---|---|
| 15 to 39 years | 76% of national total | Most affected demographic |
| 20 to 24 years | Highest incidence | Age group with most cases, particularly among young women |
| Over 50 years | Rising trend | In this group, rates are higher among men |
Source: Argentine Ministry of Health
The good news is that syphilis is completely curable when diagnosed early. The treatment of choice is benzathine penicillin, an antibiotic that must also be administered to sexual partners from the previous 90 days to break the chain of transmission.
The Ministry of Health distributes rapid tests and penicillin to all provinces to accelerate detection across Argentina's public healthcare system.
Correct and consistent condom use prevents transmission during sexual activity. In Argentina, condoms are available for free at public health centers.
In response to the surge in cases, Argentina's National Ministry of Health established in 2025 the Ministerial Committee on Sexually Transmitted Infections. This initiative works on a comprehensive plan to strengthen prevention, testing, and treatment throughout the country. Officials attribute the increase both to a genuine rise in infections and improved detection systems.
Source: La Voz del Interior - June 23, 2025
Alfredo S. Quiroga
